Hallo Maik, this is Utricularia vulgaris, it's about 3-4 cm in diameter, the weed you have is Utricularia gibbla, far worst than algae as it's a plant and very tough to get rid of.
The plant I showed is a nice Utricularia, much like U. grammifiola or U. stellaris.
To remove the U gibba...